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- Release 2.06 of V-EMM, the Virtual Expanded Memory Manager.
- Copyright (C) Rocke Verser, 1986, 1988. All rights reserved.
-
-
- Fort's Software Fort's Software
- P. O. Box 1295 P. O. Box 396
- Loveland, Colorado 80539 Manhattan, Kansas 66502
- (303) 663-5629 (913) 537-2897
-
-
-
-
- About the README files
- ----------------------
-
- This file (README.206) contains information too recent to be
- included in your V-EMM user manual. A separate file (README)
- contains helpful examples for installing V-EMM in a variety
- of common configurations.
-
-
-
- About V-EMM Release 2.06
- ------------------------
-
- Release 2.06 of V-EMM provides applications with an interface
- which is compatible with the Lotus / Intel / Microsoft Expanded
- Memory Specification, Version 4.0, except as noted in the
- "Technical Specifications" section of the V-EMM user manual.
-
- Release 2.06 includes support for 'Extended DOS Partitions'
- (introduced with PC DOS 3.3) and for partitions greater than
- 32 megabytes (introduced with PC DOS 4.00). In particular, the
- paging-file can now be placed on DOS drives contained within
- either of these types of partitions.
-
- Release 2.06 will coexist peacefully with most applications
- that use PC/AT or PS/2 extended memory.
-
- On average, Release 2.06 consumes about 5 kilobytes less memory
- than Release 2.04.
-
- Release 2.06 lets you hide (and reveal) expanded memory without
- rebooting. In many cases, when you "hide" expanded memory, we
- will temporarily yield 64 kilobytes of memory to DOS. Then when
- you "reveal" expanded memory, we will reclaim the memory from DOS.
- (A hearty thanks to our many customers who requested this useful
- feature!)
-
-
-
- Resident Memory Requirements
- ----------------------------
-
- The LIM EMS 4.0 specification is significantly more complex than
- the LIM EMS 3.2 specification. Although we have taken care to
- keep storage requirements down, the resident portion of Release
- 2.06 is approximately 3 kilobytes larger than the equivalent
- Release 2.04 (EMS 3.2) configuration.
-
- On the bright side, we have altered the default manner in which
- our EMS simulators, VEMMSIM and VEMMSIME, allocate memory. For
- the average user, these simulators are approximately 8 kilobytes
- smaller than the equivalent Release 2.04 configuration. More
- information is contained below.
-
- We have also added the ability to dynamically hide (and reveal)
- expanded memory. In many cases, when expanded memory is hidden,
- we will temporarily yield 64 kilobytes of memory to DOS. When
- you are running programs that cannot use expanded memory, you
- simply "hide" the expanded memory. In typical configurations,
- the resident size of V-EMM will shrink to under 12 kilobytes
- while expanded memory is hidden. When you are running programs
- that DO use expanded memory, you simply "reveal" up to 32 megabytes
- of expanded memory. More information is contained below.
-
-
-
- About LIM EMS 4.0
- -----------------
-
- The LIM EMS 4.0 specification defines a number of new features.
- Some of these features are required in all implementations of the
- specification. And some of these features are implemented only
- when the underlying hardware has certain advanced capabilities.
-
-
- Among the major new features supported by V-EMM are:
-
- - Storage capacity increased to 32 megabytes.
-
- - Performance improvements. (Applications must exploit
- the new functions.)
-
- - Ability to run program code (including TSRs) in expanded
- memory. (Applications must exploit the new functions.)
-
- - Code overlay support. (Applications and/or compilers must
- exploit the new functions.)
-
-
-
- Using V-EMM with our EMS simulators
- -----------------------------------
-
- Our EMS simulators (VEMMSIM, VEMMSIME, and VEMMSIM2) emulate the
- general hardware capabilities of Intel's original Above Board.
- The same LIM EMS 4.0 features which Intel has added to their
- board are available when using V-EMM with our EMS simulators.
-
- Note: Efficient support for multitasking is the major optional
- feature not supported on Intel's original Above Board nor with
- our EMS simulators.
-
-
-
- Using V-EMM with an EMS board
- -----------------------------
-
- As in previous releases, V-EMM can also be used with EMS boards.
- In this environment, V-EMM combines the high speed of electronic
- bank-switching with the large capacity of virtual memory.
-
- When used with an EMS 3.2 board, V-EMM effectively turns the board
- into an EMS 4.0 board as well as providing virtual memory.
-
- When used with an EMS 4.0 board that includes efficient support
- for multitasking, V-EMM will provide efficient support for
- multitasking as well as providing virtual memory.
-
-
-
-
- The VEMMCONF Command
- --------------------
-
- The VEMMCONF command now permits allocation of a paging-file up to
- 2047 pages (nearly 32 megabytes) in size. The syntax of the command
- and all options are as described in the V-EMM user manual.
-
-
-
- The VEMMDSK Device Driver (EMS RAM-disk)
- ----------------------------------------
-
- The VEMMDSK Device Driver now permits allocation of a RAM-disk up to
- 2047 pages (nearly 32 megabytes) in size. The syntax of the command
- and all options are as described in the V-EMM user manual.
-
-
-
- The VEMMSIME Device Driver (EMS Simulation with Extended Memory)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The VEMMSIME Device Driver now permits allocation of up to 960 pages
- (15 megabytes) of extended memory. The syntax of the command and
- all options are as described in the V-EMM user manual.
-
-
-
- The V-EMM Device Driver
- -----------------------
-
- The format of the command for V-EMM is:
-
- DEVICE=[d:][path]VEMM.SYS
- [D=nnnn]
- [M=nnnn]
- [T=nnnn]
- [C=nnn]
- [H=nnn]
- [X=xxxx-xxxx]
- [S=xxxx]
- [MAXFRAG=nnn]
-
- where:
-
- [d:][path]VEMM.SYS
- specifies the drive, path, and filename of the V-EMM device
- driver.
-
- [D=nnnn] or [DISK=nnnn]
- specifies the number of pages of auxiliary expanded memory to
- be available for allocation to EMS programs. If this parameter
- is omitted, no auxiliary expanded memory will be available.
- This value is limited to 2047 pages (nearly 32 megabytes).
-
- [M=nnnn] or [MEMORY=nnnn]
- specifies the number of pages of real (or simulated) expanded
- memory to be available for allocation to EMS application programs.
- If this parameter is omitted, all real (or simulated) expanded
- memory will be available. This value must be between 4 pages
- (64 kilobytes) and 2048 pages (32 megabytes).
-
- [T=nnnn] or [TOTAL=nnnn]
- specifies the total number of pages of virtual expanded
- memory available for allocation to EMS programs other than
- non-volatile RAM-disks. If you do not have our NVRD product,
- you do not need to specify this option. If this parameter is
- omitted, the default is the sum of the "M=" specification plus
- one fewer than the "D=" specification. However this value is
- limited to 2048 pages (32 megabytes).
-
- [C=nnn] or [CONTEXTS=nnn]
- specifies the maximum number of contexts that can be saved at
- one time. Small values of C may cause some EMS applications
- to fail. Large values of C will waste memory. If this parameter
- is omitted, a maximum of 8 contexts can be saved. This
- parameter must be between 1 and 255.
-
- [H=nnn] or [HANDLES=nnn]
- specifies the maximum number of handles that can be
- allocated at one time. Each EMS application requires at least
- one handle. Some applications require extra handles. Small
- values of H will reduce the number of EMS applications you
- can run concurrently, and may cause some EMS applications
- to fail. Large values of H will waste memory. If this
- parameter is omitted, a maximum of 64 handles will be
- available. This parameter must be between 2 and 255.
-
- [X=xxxx-xxxx]
- [S=xxxx] or [SEGMENT=xxxx]
- The EMS specifications require a set of 16-kilobyte address
- ranges (called page windows). By default, V-EMM obtains the
- available page windows from the real (or simulated) expanded
- memory manager.
-
- The real expanded memory manager should provide controls for
- locating the page windows properly. However, these options
- allow some control in V-EMM's use of the available windows.
-
- The X parameter specifies a range of segment addresses that
- are to be excluded from the available page windows.
- Specifically, if any portion of the address range lies within a
- page window, that page window is unavailable. A single page
- window may be excluded by specifying a single address. Or a
- range of page windows may be excluded by specifying the
- appropriate range of segment addresses. This parameter may
- be specified more than once in order to exclude discontiguous
- ranges of page windows.
-
- The S parameter specifies the segment address of the
- 64-kilobyte page frame. If this parameter is specified, it must
- specify the first of a set of four available page windows. By
- default, V-EMM locates the page frame at the highest possible
- address, after determining which page windows are available.
-
- [MAXFRAG=nnn]
- specifies how badly fragmented the paging-file may be.
-
- Ordinarily, a file will occupy a few contiguous areas on
- your disk. In some cases, a file will be contained on many
- noncontiguous areas on your disk. (See the DOS CHKDSK command
- for more information.) A badly fragmented paging-file will
- cause V-EMM's performance to suffer.
-
- Small values of MAXFRAG will prevent V-EMM from using an
- excessively fragmented paging-file. Large values of MAXFRAG
- will waste memory, but will permit V-EMM to use a badly
- fragmented paging-file. If this parameter is omitted, the
- paging-file may be contained on a maximum of 48 noncontiguous
- areas. This parameter must be between 1 and 512.
-
-
-
- The VEMMSIM and VEMMSIME Device Drivers (EMS Simulation)
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- By default, these commands now allocate the 64-kilobyte page frame
- from high memory. (Previously, the page frame was allocated in
- low memory within the device drivers, themselves.) The average
- user should see about 8 kilobytes less memory consumed as a
- result of this change. The actual savings vary, depending upon
- where the device driver is loaded in memory. You may see as
- little as zero or as much as 16 kilobytes less memory consumed.
-
- This new allocation scheme also permits the VEMMHIDE command to
- dynamically reallocate the page frame between DOS and expanded
- memory.
-
- As always, there is a tradeoff. Allocation of the page frame in
- high memory is incompatible with some third-party device drivers
- which use expanded memory.
-
- If you want the new simulators to allocate the page frame in low
- memory, specify the S=0000 option.
-
-
-
- Coexistence with Extended Memory Applications
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- The VEMMSIME Device Driver has been enhanced to coexist much more
- peacefully with other applications that use extended memory.
-
- Most modern extended memory applications, including IBMCACHE and
- VDISK will coexist with VEMMSIME without any special effort.
-
- You can specify the "M=" parameter (described in the user manual)
- to limit the amount of memory which VEMMSIME will consume. Other-
- wise, VEMMSIME will consume all available memory.
-
- If you suspect a problem between VEMMSIME and another driver, try
- placing VEMMSIME ahead of the other driver in the CONFIG.SYS file.
-
-
-
- Hiding and Revealing Expanded Memory
- ------------------------------------
-
- To "hide" expanded memory, issue the command:
-
- VEMMHIDE /H
-
-
- To "reveal" expanded memory, issue the command:
-
- VEMMHIDE /R
-
-
- The primary function of these commands is almost self-explan-
- atory: While expanded memory is hidden, programs will behave
- as if expanded memory had not been installed. While expanded
- memory is revealed (the default case), programs can detect and
- access the expanded memory.
-
- There are several reasons why you might want to hide V-EMM.
-
- Spreadsheet programs, for example, tend to operate more efficient-
- ly when using conventional memory than when using expanded memory.
- But spreadsheet programs also tend to use expanded memory first.
- It may make sense for you to "hide" V-EMM when you plan to access
- your smaller spreadsheets and "reveal" V-EMM only when you plan
- to access the larger spreadsheets.
-
- If you suspect an incompatibility, the VEMMHIDE command provides
- a very easy way of temporarily deactivating the expanded memory
- manager.
-
- Most importantly, when you hide expanded memory, we can often yield
- 64 kilobytes of memory to DOS. If you use a mix of programs that
- support expanded memory as well as programs that do not support
- expanded memory, the ability to quickly toggle between a full
- complement of DOS memory or up to 32 megabytes of expanded memory
- is invaluable.
-
-
-
- Trademarks
- ----------
-
- "V-EMM", "Virtual Expanded Memory Manager", "NVRD", and "Non-Volatile
- Ram-Disk" are trademarks of Fort's Software.
-
- "Above Board" is a trademark of Intel Corporation.
-